OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of asymptomatic, histologically proven prostatitis in men with symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia and to observe the correlation between asymptomatic prostatitis and prostate specific antigen (PSA) density. INTRODUCTION: The incidence of type IV prostatitis is unknown. There is a tendency to correlate the presence of inflammatory prostatitis with an elevation of PSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2000 to January 2006, 183 patients who underwent surgical treatment for benign prostate hyperplasia as a result of obstructive or irritative symptoms were prospectively studied. In accordance with the histology findings, these patients were divided into two groups: group I included patients with the presence of histological prostatitis and group II included patients with the absence of histological prostatitis. The mean PSA densities were compared. RESULTS: Histological evidence of prostatitis was observed in 145 patients. In this group, the mean PSA density was 0.136 ± 0.095. In 38 cases, there was no evidence of inflammation upon histological examination of the surgical samples. In these 38 cases, the mean PSA density was 0.126 ± 0.129. No statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups; the p-value is 0.124. CONCLUSION: Abnormal PSA density should not be attributed to the inflammatory prostatitis process.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a ocorrência do carcinoma incidental da próstata, suas características e fatores de risco para o diagnóstico em um grupo de pacientes tratados cirurgicamente para hiperplasia prostática benigna. MÉTODOS: O estudo compreendeu a análise retrospectiva de 218 pacientes. Após o tratamento cirúrgico, os pacientes com achado de carcinoma incidental da próstata foram comparados com os pacientes sem este achado. As variáveis pré-operatórias analisadas foram idade, toque retal, PSA, densidade do PSA, volume prostático e biópsia prostática pré-operatória. Também foram determinados a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo do toque retal e do PSA para o diagnóstico do carcinoma incidental da próstata. RESULTADOS: Treze (6.2%) dos 218 pacientes apresentaram carcinoma incidental da próstata. Oito (61.5%) deles foram classificados com T1a e 5 (38.5%) como T1b. Apenas a idade avançada (p=0.003) e a presença de um toque retal suspeito (p=0.016) se relacionaram estatisticamente com este achado na peça cirúrgica. A sensibilidade, especificidade, valore preditivo positivo e negativo para o diagnóstico de carcinoma incidental da próstata foram de 23.0%, 96.6%, 30.0%, 95.2% para a presença de um toque retal suspeito e 85.0%, 34.1%, 7.5% e 97.2% para um valor de PSA maior que 4.0 ng/ml respectivamente. A exatidãos dois métodos foi de 92.2% e 37.1% respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A idade avançada e a presença de um toque retal suspeito representam os fatores de risco mais importantes para o diagnóstico de carcinoma incidental da próstata.

PURPOSE: To determine the occurence of incidental carcinoma of the prostate, its characteristics, and the risk factors for this diagnosis in a group of patients surgically treated for benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS: The study comprised a retrospective analysis of 218 patients. After surgical treatment, patients with the finding of incidental carcinoma of the prostate were compared to those without this finding. The preoperative variables analyzed were patient age, digital rectal examination, PSA, PSA density, prostate volume, and preoperative prostate biopsy. We also determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of digital rectal examination and PSA for the finding of incidental carcinoma of the prostate at surgical specimen analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen (6.2%) out of the 218 patients presented incidental carcinoma of the prostate. Eight (61.5%) of these tumors were classified as T1a and 5 (38.5%) as T1b. Only advanced age (P = 0.003) and the presence of a suspect digital rectal examination (P = 0. 016) were statistically related to the findings of the surgical specimen analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of incidental carcinoma were 23.0%, 96.6%, 30.0%, and 95.2% for a suspect digital rectal examination and 85.0%, 34.1%, 7.5%, and 97.2% for a PSA greater than 4.0 ng/mL. The accuracy for these methods was 92.2% and 37.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced age and the presence of a suspect digital rectal examination represent the most important risk factors for the diagnosis of an incidental carcinoma of the prostate. However, the low positive predictive values reflect the weak correlations among these variables.

A síndrome de Williams (SW) é doença relativamente rara, caracterizada por retardo mental e psicomotor de graus variados, facies característica, anomalias cardiovasculares, hipercalcemia e disfunções orgânicas múltiplas. Os achados urológicos desta entidade, apesar ocorrerem em até 40% dos casos, têm sido pouco abordados na literatura. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente de 6 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de SW e que há 3 anos tem apresentado sintomas de polaciúria e urge-incontinência. A investigação revelou divertículos vesicais e hiperatividade detrusora, tratada com sucesso com oxibutimina. Ressaltamos a importância da investigação urológica, descrevemos os principais achados e discutimos a fisiopatologia e a abordagem terapêutica, a qual permite melhora das condições clínicas e sociais desses pacientes.

The Williams syndrome is a relatively rare disease with characteristic facial appearance, mental retardation, growth deficiency, cardiovascular anomalies, hypercalcemia and multiple organic dysfunctions. However, the urological findings of this syndrome (positive in up to 40% of patients) have not been frequently discussed. We present the case of a 6 year-old white girl with this diagnosis and a 3-year history of urinary incontinence. The investigation revealed bladder diverticula and detrusor hyperactivity, which was successfully treated with oxibutimin. We stress the importance of urological investigation, describe the main findings and discuss the pathophysiology and management, which significantly improves the quality of life of these childrens.